iare most beautiful with the blossoming of many tulips and roses.
On the skirt of the Bara-koh is a mosque called the Jauza
1 Aushnlng fazilatida khailt ahadii war id dur. Second W.-i-B. (I.O. 217 f. 2) Fazllat-i-Aush akadis wand ast. Mems. (p. 3) " The excellencies of Ush are celebrated even in the sacred traditions." Minis, (i, 2) " On cite beaucoup de traditions qui ctlibrent I'excellence de ce climat." Aush may be mentioned in the traditions on account of places of pilgrimage near it ; Babur's meaning may be merely that its excellencies are traditional. Cf. Ujfalvy ii, 172.
2 Most travellers into Farghana comment on Babur's account of it. One much discussed point is the position of the Bara Koh. The personal observations of Ujfalvy and Schuyler led them to accept its identification with the rocky ridge known as the Takht-i-sulaiman. I venture to supplement this by the suggestion that Babur, by Bara Koh, did not mean the whole of the rocky ridge, the name of which, Takht-i-sulaiman, an ancient name, must have been known to him, but one only of its four marked summits. Writing of the ridge Madame Ujfalvy says, " II y a quatre sommets dont le plus ilevt est le troisiime comptant par le nord." Which summit in her sketch (p. 327) is the third and highest is not certain, but one is so shewn that it may be the third, may be the highest and, as being a peak, can be described as symmetrical i.e. Babur's mauzun. For this peak an appropriate name would be Bara Koh.
If the name Bara Koh could be restricted to a single peak of the Takht-i-sula;man ridge, a good deal of earlier confusion would be cleared away, concerning which have written, amongst others, Ritter (v, 432 and 712) Reclus (vi. 54) ; Schuyler (ii, 43) and those to whom these three refer. For an excellent account, graphic with pen and pencil, of Farghana and of Aush see Madame Ujfalvy's De Paris a Samatcande cap. v.
3 rud. This is a precise word since the Aq Bura (the White Wolf), in a relatively short distance, falls from the Kurdun Pass, 13,400 ft. to Aush, 3040 ft. and thence to Andijan, 1380 ft. Cf. Kostenko i, 104; Huntingdon in Pumpelly's Explorations in Turkistdn p. 179 and the French military map ot 1904.
Whether Babur's words, baghdt, baghlar and bdghcha had separate significations, such as orchard, vineyard and ordinary garden i.e. garden-plots 01 small size, I am not able to say but what appears fairly clear is that when
^ writes baghdt u baghlar he means all sorts of gardens, just as when writes
egat u beeldr, he means begs of all ranks.
