and the Ash'ariyah,1 the first is named from this Shaikh Abu'l-mansiir. Of Ma wara'u'n-nahr also was Khwaja Isma'ii Khartanh, the author of the Sahih-i-bukharV- From the Farghana district, Marghinan Farghana, though at the limit of settled habitation, is included in Ma wara'u'n-nahr, came the author of the Hiddyat,3 a book than which few on Jurisprudence are more honoured in the sect of Abu I.lanlfa.
On the east of Samarkand are Farghana and Kashghar; on the west, Bukhara and Khwarizm ; on the north, Tashkint and Shahrukhiya, in books written Shash and Banakat; and on the south, Balkh and Tlrmiz.
The Kohik Water flows along the north of Samarkand, at the distance of some 4 miles (2 kuroh); it is so-called because it comes out from under the upland of the Little Hill {Kohik)* lying between it and the town. The Dar-i-gham Water (canal) flows along the south, at the distance of some two miles (1 sharV). This is a large and swift torrent,5 indeed it is like a large river, cut off from the Kohik Water. All the gardens and suburbs and some of the lumans of Samarkand are cultivated by it. By the Kohik Water a stretch of from 30 to 40 yighdch? by road, is made habitable and cultivated, as far as Bukhara
1 See D'Hcrbtlot art. Aschair p. 124.
2 Abu 'Abdu'1-lah bin Isma'Ilu'l-jausi b. 194 ah. d. 256.AH. (810-870 ad.). See D'Hcrbtlot art. Bokhari p. 191, art. Giorag p. 373, and art. Sal.iihuT bokhari p. 722. He passed a short period, only, of his life in Khartank, a suburb of Samarkand.
3 Cf. f. 36 and n. 1.
* This though 2475 ft. above the sea is only some 300 ft. above Samarkand. It is the Chupa.n-a.ta (Father of Shepherds) of maps and on it Timur built a shrine to the local patron of shepherds. The Zar-afshan, or rather, its Qara-su arm, flows from the east of the Little Hill and turns round it to flow west. Babur uses the name Kohik Water loosely ; e.g. for the whole Zar-afshan when he speaks (infra) of cutting off the Dar-i-gham canal but for its southern arm only, the Qara-su in several places, and once, for the Dar-igham canal. See f. 496 and Kostenko i. 192.
8 riid. The Zar-afshan has a very rapid current. See Kostenko i, 196. and for the canal, i, 174. The name Dar-i-gham is used also for a musical note having charm to witch away grief ; and also for a town noted for its wines.
6 What this represents can only be guessed ; pernaps 150 to 200 miles. Abu'1-fida (Reinaud ii, 213) quotes Ibn Haukal as saying that from Bukhara up to " Bottam " (this seems to be where the Zar-afshan emerges into the open land) is eight daj's' journey through an unbroken tangle of verdure and gardens.
