932 AH OCT. 18th 1525 to OCT. 8th 1526 AD. 481
it has mountains which connect with those of Hindu-kush, Kafiristan and Kashmir. North-west of it lie Kabul, GhaznT and Qandahar. Dihll is held {airimish) to be the capital of the whole of Hindustan. From the death of Shihabu'd-dln Churl (d. 602 AH. 1206 ad.) to the latter part of the reign of SI. Flruz Shah (Tiighluq Turk d. 790 AH. 1388 AD.), the greater part of Hindustan must have been under the rule of the sultans of DihlT.
(b. Rulers contemporary with Bdbur's conauest.)
At the date of my conquest of Hindustan it was governed by five Musalman rulers {fiddshdk)1 and two Pagans [kdfir) These were the respected and independent rulers, but there were also, in the hills and jungles, many rals and rajas, held in little esteem (kichik karini).
First, there were the Afghans who had possession of Dihll, the capital, and held the country from Bhlra to Bihar. Junpur, before their time, had been in possession of SI. Husain Sharqi (Eastern)2 whose dynasty Hindustanis call Purabl (Eastern). His ancestors will have been cup-bearers in the presence of SI. Flruz Shah and those (Tughluq) sultans ; they became supreme in Junpur after his death.3 At that time Dihll was in the hands of SI. 'Alau'u'd-dln ('Alam Khan) of the Sayyid dynasty to whose ancestor Tlmur Beg had given it when, after having captured it, he went away.4 SI. Buhlul Ludi and his son (Sikandar) got possession of the capital Junpur and the capital Dihll, and brought both under one government (881 AH. 1476 ad.).
Secondly, there was SI. Muhammad Muzaffer in Gujrat; he departed from the world a few days before the defeat of SI. Ibrahim. He was skilled in the Law, a ruler {padshah) seeking after knowledge, and a constant copyist of the Holy Book. His dynasty people call Tank.5 His ancestors also will have been
1 The numerous instances of the word padshah in this part of the Babur-nama imply no such distinction as attaches to the title Emperor by which it is frequently translated (Index s.n. padshah)
2 d. 1500 ad. (905 AH.).
3 d. I388 AD. (790 AH.).
* The ancestor mentioned appears to be Nasrat Shah, a grandson of Flruz Shah Tughluq (S. L.-Poole p. 300 and Beale, 298).
5 His family belonged to the Rajput sept of Tank, and had become Muhammadan in the person of Sadharan the first ruler of Gujrat (Crooke's Tribes and Castes; Mirat-i-sikandari, Bayley p. 67 and n.).
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