932 AH. OCT. 18TH 1525 TO OCT. 8th 1526 AD. 491
like the hoof of cattle. The doe is of the colour of the bughiimardl1; she, for her part, has no horns and is plumper than the male.
The hog-deer {kotah-paicha) is another.2 It may be of the size of the white deer {dq kiyik). It has short legs, hence its name, little-legged. Its horns are like a bughu's but smaller; like the bughii it casts them every year. Being rather a poor runner, it does not leave the jungle.
Another is a deer {kiyik) after the fashion of the male deer {airkaki huna) of the jirdn.3 Its back is black, its belly white, its horns longer than the hiina's, but more crooked. A Hindustani calls it kalahara? a word which may have been originally kdld -haran, black-buck, and which has been softened in pronunciation to kalahara. The doe is light-coloured. By means of this kalahara people catch deer; they fasten a noose {halqa) on its horns, hang a stone as large as a ball 5 on one of its feet, so as to keep it from getting far away after it has brought about the capture of a deer, and set it opposite wild deer when these are seen. As these {kalahara) deer are singularly combative, advance to fight is made at once. The two deer strike with their horns and push one another backwards and forwards, during which the wild one's horns become entangled in the net that is fast to the tame one's. If the wild one would run away, the tame one does not go ; it is impeded also by the stone on its foot. People take many deer in this way ; after capture they tame them and use them in their turn to take others ;6 they also set them to fight at home ; the deer fight very well.
There is a smaller deer {kiyik) on the Hindustan hill-skirts, as large may-be as the one year's lamb of the arqarghalcha {Ovis poll).
* The doe is brown (Blanford, p. $l&). The word bughii (stag) is used alone just below and seems likely to represent the bull of the Asiatic wapiti (f. 4 n. on biighu-marSl.)
" Axis porcinus (Jerdon, Cenius porcinus).
3 Saiga tartarica (Shaw). TurkI huna is used, like English deer, for male, female, and both. Here it seems defined by airkaki to mean stag or buck.
4 Antelope cervicapra, black-buck, so called from the dark hue of its back (Yule's HJ. s.n. Black-buck).
s tuyitq. underlined in the Elph. MS. by hura, cannon-ball; Erskine, foot-ball, de Courteille, pierrc plus grossc que la cheville (tuyaq).
6 This mode of catching antelopes is described in the Ayin-i-akbari, and is noted by Erskine as common in his day.
