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5IJ
HINDUSTAN
It is like the citron (tnrunj) in colour and form, but has both ends of its skin level ;' also it is not rough and is somewhat the smaller fruit. Its tree is large, as large as the apricot (aurftq), with a leaf like the orange's. It is a deliciously acid fruit, making a very pleasant and wholesome sherbet. Like the lime it is a powerful stomachic, but not weakening like the orange (ndranj).
The large lime which they call (H.)gal~gal% in Hindustan is another fruit resembling the orange. It has the shape of a goose's egg, but unlike that egg, does not taper to the ends. Its skin is smooth like the sangtdrds ; it is remarkably juicy.
The (H.)j£ttfriri lime3 is another orange-like fruit. It is orangeshaped and, though yellow, not orange-yellow. It smells like the citron (turunj) ; it too is deliciously acid.
The (Sans.) sadd-fal (p/tal)4 is another orange-like fruit. This is pear-shaped, colours like the quince, ripens sweet, but not to the sickly-sweetness of the orange (ndranj).
The amrd-fal (sic. Hai. MS. Sans. amrit-phcd)i is another orange-like fruit.
The lemon (H. karna, C. limoniini) is another fruit resembling the orange {ndranj); it may be as large as the gal-gal and is also acid.
The (Sans.) awal-bid6 is another fruit resembling the orange.
Bhutan Hills, (Western Duars) known from its orange groves as Santra-bari, Abode of the orange. To this (mentioned already as my husband's suggestion in Mr. Crooke's ed. of Yule's H.J.) support is given by the item "Suntura, famous Nipal variety", entered in Seth's Nursery-list of 1914 (Feronia Nurseries, Calcutta). Light on the question of origin could be thrown, no doubt, by those acquainted with the dialects of the hill-tract concerned.
' This refers, presumably, to the absence of the beak characteristic of all citrons.
3 melter, from the Sans, root gal, which provides the names of several lemons by reason of their solvent quality, specified by Babur (infra) of the amal-bid. Erskine notes that in his day the gal-gal was known as kilmek (galmak ?).
3 Sans, jambira, H. jambir, classed by AbiYl-fazl as one of the somewhat sour fruits and by Watts as Citrus medica limonum.
* Watts, C. decumana, the shaddock or pumelo; Firminger (p. 223) has C, decumana fyriformis suiting Babur's " pear-shaped ". What Babur compared it with will be the Transoxanian pear and quince (P. amrudand bihi) and not the Indian guava and Bengal quince (P. amriida.nd H. bael).
5 The Turk! text writes amrd. Watts classes the amrii-phal as a C. auranlium. This supports Erskine's suggestion that it is the mandarin-orange. Humayun describes it in a note which is written pell-mell in the text of the Elph.-Codex and contains also descriptions of the kamila and santara oranges ; it can be seen translated in Appendix O.
6 So spelled in the Turk! text and also in two good MSS. of the Pers. trs. I.O. 217 and 218, but by Abu'1-fazl amal-blt. Both P. bid and P. bit mean willow and cane (ratan), so that amal-bid (bit) can mean acid-willow and acid-cane. But as
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