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Diamond History | Peridotite

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ON THE HISTORY OF THE DIAMOND               3
posed and weathered portion first penetrated, and called ' yellow ground.' This ' blue earth ' or ' blue ground ' is taken out of the mine and exposed to the sun, and it is then capable of being readily crushed and washed for the extraction of its included diamonds. The ' blue ground ' is greasy to the touch like serpentine, and is full of enclosed fragments of slate and other substances. It has been found to become harder and more stony the deeper it is pene­trated, and to continue vertically downwards to an un­known depth. The deepest sinkings in Kimberley mine are now GOO feet below the surface, still in the same compact material.1 At this depth the true nature of the diamond-bearing substance is more clearly apparent than
it was when the workings were carried on in the more de­composed material. Quite recently, both in the Kimberley and De Boers mines the remarkable rock has been reached which forms the subject of the present paper.
The first scientific publication regarding the matrix of the Kimberley diamonds appears to be that of Prof. E. Cohen, in 1872,'- and, in England, of Mr. E. J. Dunn, in 1873.3 Before that date, however, Mr. G. W. Stow4 and Dr. John Shaw:> had described the general geology of the region, and
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Lewiss. Genesis and Matrix of The Diamond.
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