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Ch. 8: Opening the Craters

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262 THE DIAMOND MINES OF SOUTH AFRICA
of motley diggers and wild Africans. Liquor drinking ran to excess, as it always does in a prosperous mining camp, and the natives especially were given to drunkenness ; but the wildest sprees rarely threatened danger to life, for the hot spirits were blown off in yells, chants, and dances. Every accurate record shows that murder and robbery and the more flagrant and brutal crimes were notably rare compared with the showing of the early American and Australian mining camps ; and when the turbu­lence of the rush was over, and the bubbling camps simmered down to the comparative order and steadiness of the working
mining towns, there was little disturbance from any outbreak of ruffianism. In spite of all demoralizing influences, the con­servative and civilizing agencies and public spirit that advance communities and exalt good citizenship gained in force year by year on the Diamond Fields.
Notable progress was made in the provisions for the health and security of the towns. The most crying need, from the first, had been pure and abundant water. The average rainfall of the mining field was only 17.5 inches, and the suffering from the lack of water in the dry season was scarcely endurable. Much was done to improve and increase the supply by the sink­ing of wells and extension of natural reservoirs and the more
Ch. 8: Opening the Craters Page of 449 Ch. 8: Opening the Craters
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