accumulations is usually formed a " vena cumulata."
" As to those that are found in underground canales which do not appear to have been derived
" from the earth or rock adjoining, these have undoubtedly been carried by the water for a
" greater distance from their place of origin ; which may be made clear to anyone who seeks
" their source."
On the origin of solidified juices he states (De Ortu, p. 43) : " I will now speak of
" solidified juices (succi concreti). I give this name to those minerals which are without
" difficulty resolved into liquids (humore). Some stones and metals, even though they are
" themselves composed of juices, have been compressed so solidly by the cold that they can only
" be dissolved with difficulty or not at all. . . . For juices, as I said above, are either
" made when dry substances immersed in moisture are cooked by heat, or else they are
" made when water flows over ' earth,' or when the surrounding moisture corrodes metallic
" material ; or else they are forced out of the ground by the power of heat alone. There" fore, solidified juices originate from liquid juices, which either heat or cold have condensed.
" But that which heat has dried, fire reduces to dust, and moisture dissolves. Not only
" does warm or cold water dissolve certain solidified juices, but also humid air ; and a juice
" which the cold has condensed is liquefied by fire and warm water. A salty juice is con" densed into salt ; a bitter one into soda ; an astringent and sharp one into alum or into
" vitriol. Skilled workmen in a similar way to nature, evaporate water which contains
" juices of this kind until it is condensed ; from salty ones they make salt, from
" aluminous ones alum, from one which contains vitriol they make vitriol. These workmen
" imitate nature in condensing liquid juices with heat, but they cannot imitate nature in
" condensing them by cold. From an astringent juice not only is alum made and vitriol, but
" also sory, chalcitis, and misy, which appears to be the ' flower ' of vitriol, just as melanteria
" is of sory. (See note on p. 573 for these minerals.) When humour corrodes pyrites so that
:" it is friable, an astringent juice of this kind is obtained."
On the Origin of Stones (De Ortu, p. 50), he states : " It is now necessary to
"review in a few words what I have said as to all of the material from which stones are
" Biade ; there is first of all mud ; next juice which is solidified by severe cold ; then frag"ments of rock; afterward stone juice (succuslapidescens), which also turns to stone when
" it comes out into the air ; and lastly, everything which has pores capable of receiving a
" stony juice." As to an " efficient force," he states (p. 54) : " But it is now necessary
" that I should explain my own view, omitting the first and antecedent causes. Thus the
