pearls
are sold by the carat. There have also been celebrated pearls in the
possession of Royalty and Nobility and most of the Indian Princes and
nobles have also a good collection of pearls, especially necklaces.
Corals
Introduction.—The
coral was known to the ancients and the Greek tradition was that it
sprung out of the blood dropping from the head of Medusa, which was
deposited near the shore by Perseus, and was taken away by the
sea-nymphs and planted in the sea.. It is not so much liked in Europe
as it was in former times. It is in great demand in certain parts of
India. India used to spend Rs.20 lakhs per annum on corals. It is held
in great esteem by the Eastern nations. The red coral was once
considered the most valuable, but present fashion favours the pink ones.
The
coral is often imitated by bone, horn and ivory stained with cinnabar.
The coral was also held in great esteem in most ancient times, and was
supposed to be marvellous and to have medicinal powers. It was used
both as a medicine and a charm.
The
coral, like the pearl is composed of calcium carbonate, and is secreted
by small sea-animals known as coral polyps for building their skeleton.
The red coral is considered precious. Colour varies from red to pink.
Hardness =
Specific gravity =
The red coral is dredged
from
waters of moderate depth along the Mediterranean shores; as for
instance, along the African coast 700-800 ft. below the surface of the
sea. The coral fishery is carried out by Italians, Maltese and French, and divers are
also utilized. Black coral has been obtained from the Persian Gulf and
the Great Barrier Beef of Australia. Coral is used for necklaces,
bracelets, etc.
Cutting and boring of coral beads, etc.—Pieces
are cut en cabochon into drops for earrings and also into leaves,
flowers and. various other forms.. It is bored by steel
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