And of His signs is this: He created for you helpmates from
yourselves that you might find rest in them, and He ordained
between you love and mercy... 11
Mutual affection leads to increased love at the expense of fear and
hatred. Should there be a common bond between those who have affection for each other, there is a far greater increase in love. It is through
the multiplicity of man and mutual cooperation among men that settlements and cities have sprung up and multiplied.
Pause
Man is constituted, by his very nature, of different qualities which
have accumulated through their opposite natures in him. Nafs or the
bodily breath is often subservient to his corporal temperament, and
therefore each person possesses a unique and different temperament.
Everyone knows that a thing, which comes into being through the combination or union of different things, disperses no sooner than the unit-,
ing or holding force has been removed, and one opposite would like to
assert itself over its own opposite. Man and animals have, therefore, to
face diseases and accidents, as the external opposite collides with the internal opposite. Man, in his nature, is not possessed of the means of resisting them, and therefore external forces assert themselves as misfortunes and diseases. For overcoming them he relies upon external agencies or stimuli to come to his succour. He is, therefore, in quest of them
so that he may safeguard himself. Rather aptly has a poet said:
All desires die with the death of man,
And as long as he lives they accompany him.
All these misfortunes and diseases are not of a piece, such that he could
bear their load, and only one agent might suffice for him. They are of
different kinds so that only one kind of resistance (or response) cannot
cope with them. Man, therefore, felt the necessity of being civilised, but
by his nature he is headstrong and obstreperous. He would be more
prone to draw benefit from his power and the groups he has formed.
But, as Nature would have it, these groups in settlements are established
under different sentiments and assertions of force, so that all human
beings do not incline towards one force, and the great ones are not followed at the expense of the low ones and all are not annihilated on the
basis of uniformity.
As the aims and the goals of the different groups were diverse, different kinds of professions and industries took root. One group, the dominant one, began to overwhelm the other by recompensing it for its
labour in an equitable manner. It is not possible always to extract work
through oppression and assertion of sheer force. Different requirements
and emphases by different groups, the timings deserved by them, and the
