Kath in 1017).
6. A. Yusuf Ali, "Al-Biruni in India", Islamic Culture, vol. 1 (1927),
pp. 31 — 35, 223—30 and 473—87, and Ed. Sachau, Alberuni's India,
Tarikh al-Hind, entitled Fi Tahqiq ma til-Hind min Maqulah Maqhtdah
fi al-'Aql aw Mardhulah completed in Ghaznah about 420/1030, This
account of India was edited with indices and annotations in London,
Truebner, 1887, and in English version, 2 vols., 1888 and 1910, and in
Leipzig, 1925, reprinted in Delhi, India, 1964, and in Lahore, Pakistan,
1962, and was abridged with anotations by Ainsile T. Ernbree. New
York, Norton, 1971 in 265 pp. It was also translated into Urdu. Here
Beruni criticised the class system and its social impact, considered the
Qaramtites ( al-Qaramitah ) as conspirators and saboteur-murderers, and
that some of the Brahmins in their pride and arrogance quoted the
Veda sayings without understanidng the meanings thereof.
7. E. S. Kennedey et al., "The Hindu Calendar as described in alBiruni's Mas'udic Canon", Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 24
(1965), pp. 274—84; Sachau (editor), Al Beruni's Astronomical Encyclopaedia entitled Al-Qaviun al-Mas'udi fi al-Hay'ah wa'l-Tanjim,
completed about A.H. 427/1036, dedicated to the Ghaznawid Sultan
Mas'ud b. Mahmud. This is Al-Biruni's largest book on astronomy and
mathematics and is best known. It was published in 3 volume, Hyderabad, Deccan, India, at The Osmania Oriental Bureau, 1954—56 in
about 145 chapters in eleven treatises and an introduction. The author
gives an accurate description and determination of latitudes and longitudes, and geodetic measurements. The work known in several manuscript copies in many libraries, in Istanbul, Cairo, London, Konya, India,
Berlin, See C. Brockelmann, G. A. L., vol. 1, 1943, Leiden, pp. 626—7,
and Supplement, 1(1937), pp. 870—75, Hajji Khalifah, Kashf al-Zuuim,
no. 9773; and L. Leclerc. Histoire, Paris, 1876, 1, pp. 214, 480.
8. Hakim Mohammed Said et. al. (ed.) Al-Biruni's al-Saydanah, op. cit.,
vol. 2 (1973), pp. 18—20. In his later days, Beruni suffered mental and
physical anguish and discomfort. His condition is clearly described in a
few literary sources. Indeed he fell sick when he was about 58 years of
age, but after some rest he regained his health, yet not completely.
Nonetheless, he continued his research and intellectual activities at a
high pace. About 431/1045, under the patronage of Sultan Abui Fath
Mawdud b. Mas'ud (reg, 1040—48), Beruni wrote K. al-Jamahir and
dedicated this outstanding manual to Sultan Mas'ud. After the age of
seventy, he developed an almost crippling bodily ailment. He, therefore,
sought the urgent assistance of a friendly colleague to continue his investigation. He, at long last, found such desperately needed collaboration in a dear friend, the learned physician-pharmacist Abu Hamid
Ahmad b. Muh. al-Nahsha'i, Director of the hospital (Bimaristan) of
