Apart from the main lines of fracture in this field, viz., those running between the arches, there are other systems of fracture, identical in their dip and' strike with the dip and strike of the rock layers. In numerous instances these are enlarged drains in slate, or between slate and sandstone. They run with, the strike of the rock layers and dip with them. I noticed that most of these lodes have been enlarged near their contact with the main fracture systems. At such points they come in as wings forming a junction. This junction forms a. " keel " obstruction to circulation, as in Fig. 3.