and
indigestible bread; but it was an economical bread—for we ate less of
it. At the placers, wheat cost from fifty-five sous to three francs the
pound.
On
Monday morning we decided to try another hole. We moved on to a point
called Yaqui, adjoining the placers where we had been working. There we
found five or six miners already in ahead of us. Having been lured by
some dazzling bits of gold that had been found there, we dug a hole.
For the first four feet we found a grey soil, resembling a volcanic
product more than the usual type of soil. Aware that such soil carried
no gold-dust we concluded not to give it a washing. Below this grey
soil appeared a reddish substance and the operation of washing now
began.
After
taking in approximately eight piastres in gold, Tillier unÂexpectedly
found a nugget that must have weighed four ounces. This made about 345
francs that we had discovered in one lump. By way of celebrating, we
now indulged in a bottle of Saint Julian wine at a cost of five
piastres. This was on May twenty-fourth. Our labors were for the first
time meeting with success.
But
on the morning of May twenty-seventh, just as we were starting off to
work, we saw circulars tacked upon the trees. These announced that,
starting from the twenty-seventh, no foreigners could dig except upon
payment to the American government of a tax of twenty piastres for each
man working a claim.*
This
gave us food for thought; the miner now gambled not only his time and
labor, but he also had to risk a comparatively large sum of money. Our
hole was already quite extensive, and would soon touch neighboring
diggings. We would have to pay sixty piastres to keep it, or sixty
piastres before digging another hole. About ten o'clock, while debating
what course to pursue, we saw a group of armed Americans who had come
to collect the tax. We refused to pay. This refusal was the signal for
war. We had less than 120 or 130 Frenchmen in all.
However,
all the Mexicans at the mines joined forces with us, saying that they
too owned the soil as well as the Americans. Since they had about 4,000
men all told, these added to the other recruits would have made quite
an imposing army. The Americans on the other hand
*
The State legislature had placed a prohibitive tax of twenty dollars a
month on all foreigners engaged in mining in California. Thousands were
now forced to abandon their claims.