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Ch. 15: Diamond

Ch. 15: Diamond Page of 252 Ch. 15: Diamond Text size:minus plus Restore normal size   Mail page  Print this page
ground " is a breccia, consisting largely of chrysolite more or less altered to serpentine, and accompanied by bronzite, pyrope, diopside, zircon cyanite, mica, pyrite, magnetite, ilmenite, and some other minerals. There are also fragments of shale and boulders of varying composition in the blue ground.
The origin of the diamonds in the blue ground has naturally been the source of much speculation, but no theory meets general accept­ance as yet. One of the first suggestions was that of Professor Henry Carvill Lewis, of Philadelphia, that the heat of the volcanic intrusion
transformed the carbon of the surface shales into diamond. This theory seems untenable, however, for many reasons, as shown by Mr. Gardner F. Williams in his recent work. Mr. Williams states that about the diamond-bearing deposits at Jagersfontein there are no such shales, while in the regions where they do exist there is no alteration observ­able at the junction of the shales and blue ground, nor among the fragments of shale inclosed in the blue. According to another theory the blue ground is not of igneous origin, but is a sort of mud forced up by hydrostatic pressure. This brought up the diamonds from depths below. The present trend of opinion seems to be that the origin of the diamond was deep-seated; but whether its matrix was the basic rock in which it is now found or some other is not known. Professor T. G. Bonney, who has given much attention to the matter,, is of the
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Ch. 15: Diamond Page of 252 Ch. 15: Diamond
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