demantoid refers to the diamond-like luster which they possess. The stone is also known as " Uralian emerald." Uvarovite, named for Count Uvarov of Russia, also makes valuable gems if found in pieces of suffi­cient size and luster. It is found in Russia, in Pennsylvania, and in Canada. That garnet has been known and used from the earliest times has already been remarked. Under the name of carbuncle mention is made of it in the literature of all ages, the feature noted being usually the brilliant, fiery light which it gives torth. According to the Talmud, the only light which Noah had in the ark was afforded by a carbuncle, and there are many Oriental tales regarding the size and brilliancy of carbuncles owned by the potentates of the East. Occasionally carbuncles were engraved, and some fine garnet intaglios are still known. The greater abundance of the stone in modern times has led to its being less highly prized than formerly, and to its being put to other uses than mere adornment, but it perhaps contributes more largely to the comfort and happiness of the world as it is now used than could ever have been the case when it was the property only of kings. The virtues ascribed to the garnet in earlier times were similar to those of the ruby, but in less degree. It was emblematic of constancy, gave and preserved health, and reconciled differences between friends. It kept off plague and thunder if suspended from the neck, and increased riches and honors.
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