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Ch. 6: Diamond

Ch. 6: Diamond Page of 515 Ch. 6: Diamond Text size:minus plus Restore normal size   Mail page  Print this page
DIAMOND.
189
species of cement of pebbles of quartz, milky quartz, and itacolumite, which form a coarse pudding-stone, called casoelho, and which is considered by the diamond-washers a sure sign of the diamond. Dr. Cliffe, the proprietor of a diamond mine in Brazil, has given much information on this subject.
In Russia, the first diamond was discovered in July, 1829, by Humboldt and Rose, when on their journey to Siberia, on the west side of the Uralian mountains, in the gold-washing establishments of Krestowosdwisheaski, be­longing to Count Schuwalow. The locality, in connection with the other circumstances of the place where the dia­mond was found, bears a striking resemblance to the dia­mond district of Brazil. The predominating rock of the spot on the Uralian mountains is a quartzose chlorite, tal-cose sphist (itacolumite), with an admixture of iron pyrites and mica, wherein we find beds of red oxide of iron, talcose schist, limestone, and dolomite. In the valley of Poludenka and Aedephskoi the diamonds are found among the debris of the mountains, accompanied by quartz, itacolumite, Mown hematite, talcose slate, dolomite, chalcedony, ana-tase, gold, and platina; it is not yet decided to what for­mation this rock originally belongs. The production of diamonds is twofold; either they are dug out from the earth, or they are collected in the sand of rivers. If in the latter way, they are more or less rounded, wedged, and rubbed off; whereas the former appear coated with an earthy, pale gray, yellow, or rose-red, rarely with a blue or green crust. Many valuable mines have been relinquished in the East Indies since the discovery of diamonds in Bra­zil. The locality of the finest diamonds is at present in the neighborhood of Sumbhulpore. Two tribes, called the Thata and Tora, living in sixteen villages, occupy them­selves particularly with searching for diamonds, beginning
Ch. 6: Diamond Page of 515 Ch. 6: Diamond
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