In
Australia, New South Wales, in the New England district, in Diamond
localities. Here the green Corundum, Oriental Emerald, is relatively
common—as a rule it is one of the rarest colours. The Sapphires are
usually of a very deep blue. In Bohemia Sapphire has been found with
Zircon and Garnet.
What
has been said of the cutting of the Euby applies to Sapphire also. The
fact that the colour is of a richer hue when viewed along the principal
axis of the mineral should guide the lapidary in cutting the stone.
Sapphires are particularly prone to be patchy in colour, and bad parts
may have to be removed by slitting before grinding commences.
Sapphires usually show a change of colour in artificial light; some few
specimens change to violet, thus, and they are highly prized. Most
Sapphires have their colour destroyed by heat, some very much more
easily than others.
The
value of Sapphire of good quality, and in carat size, is about
two-fifths that of Euby. Moreover, since Sapphires of large size are
more plentiful than in the case of the Ruby, there is not the same
rapid increase with size. Small stones may be said to be very much the
same in value as Diamonds, and larger stones only increase in about
direct proportion to their weight.
The
minerals most likely to be substituted for Sapphires are blue Iolite
(Saphir d'Eau), blue Tourmaline (Indicolite), and Cyanite (the Sapphire
of de Saussure). Less likely to be found under this name are blue
Topaz, blue Spinel, blue Fluor Spar, blue Quartz, Aquamarine, and
Hauyne. Blue Diamond may resemble it very closely in colour, but no
attempted substitution is likely to be found in this case.