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BROOKLYN AND QUEENS 155
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characterized
by Veatch as " composed of quartz or locally derived
quartz-conglomerate, with occasional very much decomposed milk-white
chert fragments."
In
the investigation conducted by Veatch, a datum plane' of extreme value
was determined. It was a water-bearing sand 150 to 200 feet above
bed-rock in 14 north shore wells, having a southeastward dip, while " a
continuation of the lines of equal depth parallel to the line of strike
showed that not only the non-water-bearing gravels of the Woodhaven
well and the good water carriers of the Barren Island wells belonged to
the same horizon, but also, the water-bearing beds in certain wells in
New Jersey, which encounter a gravel horizon at a somewhat similar
height above bed-rock." This is called the Lloyd sand. This is supposed
to have an extreme dip of 80 feet per mile, but this would not appear
uniform. It underlies Brooklyn, in part. The most important outcrop of
Cretaceous on Long Island is in the West Hills on the road leading from
Melville to Hicksville, where there is a succession of (from top to bottom) :
I.—Dark colored, lavender, green, black sandy clay.
2.—Finely laminated red clayey sand.
3.—Finely laminated green, white, and pink clayey sand.
4—Ferruginous sandstones.
5—Yellow sand with ferruginous plates.
6.—Irregularly bedded gray clayey sand, blotched.
7.—Covered.
8.—White clayey sand with large quartz gravel.
9.—Covered.
10.—Stratified
orange-colored sandy clay, ferruginous plates. 11.—Very black sand and
gravel, stained, manganese. 12.—Coarse white sand and yellow clayey
sand.
The
evidence gathered thus far points to the absence on Long Island of the
250 to 450 feet thick phosphatic marls and greensands of New Jersey. In
New Jersey the succession is Raritan plastic clays, Matawan sands and
clays, the marls at the top. The Lloyd water-bearing sand continues from
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