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Ch. 3: Brooklyn and Queens

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BROOKLYN AND QUEENS                  161
of New York, is also prolonged eastward, passing through the Orient arm (North Fluke) of the island, crossing Gardi­ner's and Fisher's islands and the Elizabeth islands to its falcate attenuation in Cape Cod. This marks the Harbor Hill stage of the ice sheet. Both of these ridges are obvious to anyone coming west from the eastern end of the island.
It is clear that the Wisconsin Epoch was one of changing conditions, and that it doubtless embraced subordinate stages, as the ice cap advanced and retreated, or more significantly as it halted in either its advance or retreat, and inaugurated a train of localized phenomena. Professor Jay B. Woodworth
has analyzed and described one of these. Professor Wood-worth has scrutinized the glacial monuments on Long Island, so far as they intimate the last phases of glacial history. He has especially examined the areas about Manhasset, Port Washington, Hempstead and Oyster bays, and westward. He recognizes, as all the glacialists do, the double moraine line and the oscillation westward and south of the line of drift deposition. Harbor Hill becomes one of the highest of the drift hills (400 feet), a mound of stratified gravels formed along the ice-front, possibly by the dirt-laden streams pouring over the ice or spouting outward from imprisoned rivers. The ice-
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