CRYSTAL BALLS AND CRYSTAL GAZING 211
this
matter there is considerable difference of opinion, for, while some
experimenters assert that the interposition of a magnifying-glass
enlarges the image, others have not remarked any difference in its size
under these conditions. Indeed, one of the most critical witnesses,
Mrs. A. W. Verrall, declares that her vision entirely disappeared when
she held a magnifying-glass before her eyes. On the other hand, we have
the case of a subject who had been told, while in the hypnotic state,
that he would see a play-bill on the crystal. When he was awakened and
the crystal ball was placed before him, he said that he could see only
detached letters, but when he looked through a magnifying-glass he saw
all the letters distinctly and read the name of the play, in perfect
accord with the suggestion.48
This
image may have been reflected from some part of the room where the
gazer had not noticed it, and may have been either before or behind the
operator. The magnifying-glass would naturally make the small,
condensed letters legible, as aplay-bill would be many times larger
than a crystal ball, and its minute image naturally too small to read,
being reduced by the circular surface.
Usually,
however, the image is not on the surface of the crystal, but in the
beholder's eye; therefore when this image appears more clearly under
magnification, the result is due to the expectation of the gazer based
upon his experience of an invariable rule. This acts as a stimulus upon
the visual function, which must be in an exceedingly sensitive state to
produce visions at all. When, however, no result or a negative result
follows the use of the glass, then we can safely assume that
" Proc. of the Soe. for Psych. Research, vol. viii, p. 473.