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Ch. 4: Elephants Historical

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ELEPHANTS, HISTORICAL          153
elephant with the water, he will obey the goad with alacrity.*
The first elephant seen in Germany is said to have been one sent by Caliph Haroun al Rashid to Emperor Charle­magne. The animal was safely landed at Pisa in 801 A. D., but there was considerable delay in conveying it to Charle­magne's court at Aquisgranum (Aachen, Aix-la-Chapelle), where it arrived only in the ensuing year. Its death in 810 is duly chronicled in an old record. In or about 1254 Eng­land was also favoured with the gift of an elephant from Louis IX of France, St. Louis, to Henry III of England, of which Polydore Virgil says it was an animal most rare in England (rarissime in Anglia).\
The great world war has brought into use many new and startling methods and inventions, but it has also witnessed a revival of certain de­fensive weapons of earlier centuries, notably of the metal shield as a means of individual protection. The innovations have not, however, been confined to inani­mate objects, for in one case at least an elephant has been utilized by the Germans in the construction of military works. This elephant was brought to Breslau from the Hagenbeck zoological garden at Hamburg. Of course, in certain parts of central and southern Asia, especially in
*Armandi, "Histoire militaire des éléphants," Paris, 1843, pp. 528, 529. tAngl. Hist.. Lib. XVI.
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