ELEPHANTS, HISTORICAL 153
elephant with the water, he will obey the goad with alacrity.*
The
first elephant seen in Germany is said to have been one sent by Caliph
Haroun al Rashid to Emperor Charlemagne. The animal was safely landed
at Pisa in 801 A. D., but there was considerable delay in conveying it
to Charlemagne's court at Aquisgranum (Aachen, Aix-la-Chapelle), where
it arrived only in the ensuing year. Its death in 810 is duly
chronicled in an old record. In or about 1254 England was also
favoured with the gift of an elephant from Louis IX of France, St.
Louis, to Henry III of England, of which Polydore Virgil says it was an
animal most rare in England (rarissime in Anglia).\
The
great world war has brought into use many new and startling methods and
inventions, but it has also witnessed a revival of certain defensive
weapons of earlier centuries, notably of the metal shield as a means of
individual protection. The innovations have not, however, been confined
to inanimate objects, for in one case at least an elephant has been
utilized by the Germans in the construction of military works. This
elephant was brought to Breslau from the Hagenbeck zoological garden at
Hamburg. Of course, in certain parts of central and southern Asia,
especially in
*Armandi, "Histoire militaire des éléphants," Paris, 1843, pp. 528, 529. tAngl. Hist.. Lib. XVI.