Gregory XIII abolished this custom; how long it had endured has not been determined.61
Certain
other prelates of lesser rank than bishops have the right to wear
rings, such as the protonotaries, for example, but as a rule they are
not permitted to wear them while celebrating an ordinary mass, low or
high; only when officiating pontifically may they wear pontifical
rings. The ring commonly worn is much smaller than that accorded to a
bishop and is set with a single stone, as is expressly ordained in the
constitution Apostolicœ Sedis of Pius IX, dated in 1872.62
That
the canons of a cathedral should generally be allowed to wear rings has
been repeatedly decided adversely in the Roman Catholic Church, a
recent instance being when the Bishop of Nicaragua submitted this
question to the Sacred Congregation of Rites in Rome, because the
practice had become common in ^Nicaragua. In reply he was informed that
this must not be tolerated, except in case of a special indulgence from
the pope, and the bishop was required to suppress the abuse. The reply
was dated August 20, 1870, just a month before the entry of the Italian
army into Rome and the cessation of the papal rule over the city.63
In
a letter written December, 1751, Pope Benedict XIV relates the finding
of a gold ring so small that it would fit the finger of a three-months'
old babe,
01 " Dictionnaire d'archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie," éd. by Dom Fernan Cabrol, vol. i, Paris, 1907, col. 2187, art. anneau by Leclercq.
62 X.
Barbier de Montault, " Le costume et les usages ecclésiastiques selon
la tradition romaine," Paris (1897), vol. i, pp. 163, 164.
63 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 164-170.