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is
desired, and in wire for the transmission of electricity; also in the
manufacture of Aluminium Salts, in making artificial corundum, and in
making paints and alloys, (see Aluminum).
Bauxite
is named after the town of Beaux, France, where it was formerly
obtained, though now it is mined mostly in the Southern United States,
particularly in Arkansas and Georgia.
Beryl: Beryllium
Alumino-Metasilicate. This is a silicate of the rare metal Beryllium,
and occurs massive, granular and in columnar aggregates, though its
usual method of occurrence is in sharp and sometimes very large
columnar crystals. It is particularly interesting because of the many
physical investigations that have been made with the aid of these
crystals.
It
is only in the transparent varieties that Beryl becomes economically
important; they are used as gems under the following names: Emerald,
the deep green; Aquamarine, Blue-green; Golden Beryl, topaz colored;
Blue Beryl; White Beryl, a colorless variety. The rare rose-pink
variety, is called Morganite in honor of Mr. J. P. Morgan.
Beryl
occurs in many localities. The finest emeralds are found in geodes and
embedded in clay-slate at the Muso Mine, Colombia; near true Red Sea;
in New South Wales, Brazil and Ceylon. The finest Aquamarines come from
Siberia. In the United States Beryl mines are in North Carolina,
Georgia and Maine.
Beryllonite: A
comparatively rare mineral. Occurs at only a few places and always in
crystals or crystalline grains, which are white to pale yellow and
often contain
numerous inclusions of water. This mineral occurs at Stoneham,
Maine, and is used to some extent as a gem stone.
Bindheimite: Hydrous
Antimonate of Lead. Lead 63%. Color white, gray, brownish or yellowish.
Opaque to translucent. It occurs at Harhausen, Germany; in Siberia,
and Cornwall, England; in the United States in Nevada and Arkansas.
Biotite: Magnesium-Iron Mica. Occurs in crystals, flat scales and in scaly aggregates with color varying from yellow to
brown, green and black. This mineral occurs crystallized around
Vesuvius where it is ejected with limestone masses and is also found in
the Albani Mts. and in Hungary; also in Maine, Virginia, New Hampshire,
North Carolina, and in the Pikes Peak region in Colorado. It is named
after Biot, the French Naturalist.
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