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Sec. II, Ch. 1: The Diamond

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The Diamond.
67
indisputably be shewn to be carbon : " that is to say, it would be recognized under the more generally known form of graphitic carbon.
Fourcroy corroborated Guyton de Morveau. He placed two small Diamonds in a capsule, under a muffle, heated them, arrested the burning, suffering the half-consumed bodies to cool, and on removing the muffler he found them quite black, as though they had a covering of soot, which he removed by rubbing with a piece of paper, on which was left a black mark.
To Guyton de Morveau we are indebted for describ­ing an interesting experiment made by Clouet in 1798, which consisted in converting iron into steel by heating it with the Diamond. Since steel is a combination of iron and carbon, this indirectly establishes the composi­tion of the gem. Pepys, in the early part of this century, also effected the carburisation of iron-wire, by heating it with Diamond-dust by means of a galvanic battery. The experiment has been repeated in various ways by other experimentalists in modern times, notably by Margueritte in France, and Hempel in Germany, and by Professor Roberts-Austen in this country. The last named chemist used pure electrolytic iron which was heated in vacuo by means of an electric current, so as to expel all occluded gas : small Diamonds were then introduced in contact with the iron, and the metal again connected with the dynamo, when fusion occurred and the molten metal combined with the substance of the Diamond.
The brothers Rogers, two American scientists of great reputation, asserted that with potassium Chromate and sulphuric acid at from 1800 to 2300 the Diamond is oxi­dized into carbonic acid. Jacquelain and Despretz used very powerful galvanic batteries, and found that a
Sec. II, Ch. 1: The Diamond Page of 366 Sec. II, Ch. 1: The Diamond
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