been a question whether the mining here was for turquoise or copper, but Mr. Petrie finds indications that both were sought, though perhaps at different periods. Evidences are found of copper smelting in the fourth and twelfth dynasties; but the mines generally seem to follow the veins of turquoise, and the rubbish heaps abound in turquoise chips. Three kinds of mining also are noted. In the third and twelfth dynasties all the work was done with chisels; at another period, not determined, holes were picked in the rock, 5 inches apart and a foot deep, and blocks were then broken out. Neither of these kinds of workings show any traces of flints. Another class of waste heaps contain numerous flints, and may be of Bedawi origin at many periods and even prehistoric.
WEST AUSTRALIA.
Reports hare been published of a turquoise mine in the Murehison district, West Australia. The government geologist, Mr. A. G. Maitland, in his report for 1903, states that he has examined several specimens of the supposed turquoise and found them in every case to be richly colored chrysocolla and not turquoise at all.
MALACHITE AND AZURITE.
ARIZONA.
The malachite and azurite which have been so noted for their beauty as specimens from the mines at Morenci. Ariz., are no longer found to the same extent that they were a few years ago and may become rare hereafter. Such is the statement of Mr. Waldemar Luidgren, of the United States Geological Survey, in a letter to the writer in December. 1904. The magnificent specimens of these minerals obtained several years ago came chiefly from two of the mines, the Detroit and the Manganese Blue; but these have been practically worked out, and no large masses are now found. Mr. Luidgren doubts whether any more such masses are likely to be met with, unless perhaps at some points in the Shannon mine.
An important paper on the copper minerals of this region was published by Mr. Lindgren in the Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers for 1904." In this article the geological conditions and the successive phases of metamorphic action connected with these remarkable deposits are treated of at some length and with considei'able detail, and the history of the formation of the various minerals, including malachite, is traced out in a highly interesting manner.
«Lindgren. Waldemar: The Genesis of the Copper Deposits of Clifton-Morenci, Arizona; Trans, Amer. Inst. Min. Eng., Lake Superior meeting, Sept.. 1904, vol.35,1905,pp. 511-550.
