20 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1916----PART I.
FUTURE SOURCES.
As
already indicated the world's supply of platinum requires careful
thought and immediate attention. Platinum metals are practically
indispensable to the chemical industry, are of great use in the
electric industry, and are more or less essential in many minor
industries. Manufacturing jewelers contend that no substitutes can
replace platinum in their products, but, realizing the industrial need
for this metal, they have agreed to restrict its use. The chemists, on
the other hand, maintain that a metal of prime industrial use should
not be diverted at the whim of fashion and that laws should be passed
in all countries prohibiting this use of a metal whose future supply is
so problematic.
On
the authority of Duparc, the known Russian fields at the present rate
of output can last only 12 years, and Russia produces 95 per cent of
the world's output. The Australian Provinces, Tasmania, New South
Wales, and New Zealand, have made small additions to the world's
supply, but these fields as now known are not capable of supplying a
hundredth part of the world's demands, and some of them are reported to
be nearly exhausted. Borneo's fields have been little worked but seem
to be of small area. The small annual output from North America appears
to be capable of some increase but does not hold much hope for the
future. The Spanish deposits give some promise but are apparently not
large. South America, especially Colombia, possesses a considerable
reserve, and more scientific working of the deposits will
unquestionably help the situation. The search for new platiniferous
fields in the Urals has not yet been highly successful. Little,
however, is known of the possibilities of the Siberian placer fields.
The
question of the future supply of platinum for the United States
resolves itself then into three problems—first, an inventory of our
present supply, particularly the unmanufactured platinum metals;
second, the systematic search for new sources of supply; and third, the
scientific development of these deposits to assure the maximum yield
from their operation. The first two of these problems are now being
attacked by the United States Geological Survey, and it is hoped that
the technologic question may be in part answered by the investigations
already started under Government and private auspices.