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The Diamond 45
 
 

 
 
there banks make loans on diamonds as col­lateral.
During the fourteenth century Amsterdam was an asylum for refugee merchants from Brabant; but its enduring prosperity did not begin until the sixteenth century, after the ruination of Antwerp by Spain. The population of Am­sterdam, according to a census taken in 1905, was 551,415 and it is now the chief Dutch money market, the home of the Bank of The Netherlands, the diamond-polishing and cutting industry and cobalt blue manufactories being its main industrial interests. The principal square of the city is the " Dam," and canals and well-shaded streets help to make the city picturesque. Places to see in Amsterdam are the Royal Palace, a not particularly impres­sive building of four stories and painted blue; the " Seaman's Loop," a kind of sailors' club on one side of the " Dam," and the Ryk's Museum, which houses some interesting evi­dences of Dutch industries as well as much historical material. There are some exhibits of jewelry, gold and silver plate, and art metal work that prove interesting to the visiting foreign jeweller.
But the great feature of the city in the eyes