two-piece
coat of Aaron, the Jewish High Priest, to the front of which was
attached the sacerdotal breastplate. The front and back parts of this
coat were united at each shoulder with an onyx mounted in gold and
engraved with the names of the tribes of Israel, six on each stone, in
memory of the promise made by the Lord to them. (Exodus xxviii., 6, 12,
29.) The breastplate was made of the same material as the ephod, and folded so as to form a kind of pouch in which the XJrim and Thummim (Light
and Perfection—according to one version) were placed. (Exodus xxxix.,
9.) The external part of this gorget, or " breastplate of judgment,"
was set with four rows of gems, three in each row, each stone set in a
golden socket and having engraved upon it the name of one of the
twelve tribes of Israel. (Exodus xxviii., 17-20.) The names of these
stones, taken from Biblical antiquities by Adler and Casanowicz, and
written for the Report of the United States National Museum, for
1896, page 943, are given as in the original and in the Septuagint,
together with the meaning agreed upon by most authorities. The
rendering of the Kevised Version, both in text and margins, is added in
parentheses, the list being as follows: 1. Odem (sardion), car-
